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Behind ASML lies a broader European ecosystem stretching from Eindhoven and Leuven to Dresden and Grenoble. Understanding the future of ASML may therefore require understanding the networks of expertise, research and industrial collaboration that surround it.
Behind many of the technologies shaping the future of computing stands a different type of institution. This briefing explores how imec has become one of Europe’s most important research infrastructures for semiconductors, photonics, AI hardware and advanced packaging technologies.
Belgium occupies a unique position within Europe. Combining industry, logistics, scientific research and European governance, the country functions as a crossroads where economies, institutions and cultures converge. Its experience offers a glimpse into how complexity can become a source of resilience in an increasingly uncertain world.
Europe’s semiconductor future may depend less on isolated regional excellence and more on the continent’s ability to connect its ecosystems into a coherent technological architecture. From Eindhoven to Dresden and Leuven to Milan, Chips Act 2.0 increasingly reveals the importance of continental coordination.
Europe may not control the entire semiconductor chain, but it increasingly controls several of its most critical layers. This Perspective explores how European ecosystems in lithography, photonics, industrial AI and advanced manufacturing together form a strategically indispensable technology stack.
In global discussions about semiconductors, the focus tends to drift toward factories, supply chains and geopolitical leverage. Attention goes to where chips are manufactured, who controls production capacity and how nations secure access to critical technologies. Yet these debates often overlook a more fundamental question: where do future chip technologies actually originate?
