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Europe’s agricultural landscape still shapes the continent far more than many people realise. This opening Perspective explores how land, technology, science and demographic change are transforming one of Europe’s largest and most essential systems: its food landscape.
Technological innovation alone does not create resilient societies. Erasmus University Rotterdam explores how governance, economics, healthcare and public institutions together provide the institutional capacity that enables modern societies to function.
Meta is investing hundreds of billions in AI infrastructure. China is making artificial intelligence increasingly affordable. As these two strategies collide, Europe may face its greatest technological challenge yet: can digital sovereignty survive the economics of everyday choice?
Europe has long excelled at generating innovation but struggled to finance scale. The Scaleup Europe Fund suggests a deeper shift in European thinking: capital is increasingly being treated not merely as finance, but as the infrastructure required to sustain technological sovereignty.
The future of NATO may no longer be determined solely by military strategy or defence spending. As Europe assumes greater responsibility for its own security, industrial capacity, technological capability and strategic production are becoming essential pillars of collective defence. Is NATO evolving into an alliance of collective capability?
The fusion of economic policy and national security is reshaping governance. As interdependence becomes a source of risk, states shift from efficiency to resilience, redefining control over infrastructure, technology and global flows in an era of systemic rivalry.
Across Europe, telecom operators are navigating a historic transformation. From AI-native architectures to autonomous networks, the industry is no longer just about connectivity—it is about trust, culture and influence. Deutsche Telekom, Orange, BT, Vodafone and Telefónica are all experimenting with AI-driven networks, yet the road ahead is far from straightforward.
For decades, telecommunications lived comfortably behind a powerful assumption: neutrality. Operators built the pipes. Society decided what flowed through them. Connectivity was infrastructure — invisible, technical, politically silent. This separation created reassurance. If networks were neutral, responsibility lay elsewhere: with governments, platforms or users. Telecom, in this view, merely enabled.
For years, the security debate around 5G has been dominated by reassuring words: encryption, zero trust, secure by design. Telecom vendors, regulators and operators alike have emphasized that modern mobile networks are mathematically robust, cryptographically sound and architecturally resilient.
Salesforce’s introduction of Agentforce 360 marks a new phase in the evolution of artificial intelligence inside organisations. Rather than positioning AI as a standalone automation layer, the concept of the “Agentic Enterprise” frames AI agents as collaborators: systems designed to support employees in decision-making, coordination and execution. While this approach is technologically ambitious, its European rollout reveals challenges that go far beyond software adoption.
