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Europe is scaling photonic-chip production, while Ericsson, Thales and others develop applications. The missing step is a European customer willing to commit to volume. Can system design become the long-term demand that sustains an industry?
Grenoble already has silicon photonics in volume production, while CEA-Leti works to bring the next generation closer to industry. The strategic question is whether Europe can shape the AI systems that rely on its chips.
As artificial intelligence scales, computation is no longer the only challenge. This briefing examines how communication, networking and photonics are emerging as critical constraints that may shape the future performance, efficiency and infrastructure of AI systems.
Artificial intelligence is often discussed in terms of algorithms and computing power. Yet the future of AI may depend just as much on the physical infrastructure beneath it. From photonics to energy systems, intelligence remains constrained by the laws of physics.
As artificial intelligence systems scale to unprecedented levels, the real bottleneck is no longer computing power but data movement. Silicon photonics promises faster, cooler communication between chips—yet the industry still faces a critical challenge: manufacturing optical hardware reliably at massive scale.
