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Semiconductors are no longer merely industrial components inside devices. In the age of AI infrastructure, they are increasingly becoming part of the strategic utility layer of states themselves — connecting computation, energy, cloud infrastructure, industrial resilience and geopolitical power.
Europe’s semiconductor future may depend less on isolated regional excellence and more on the continent’s ability to connect its ecosystems into a coherent technological architecture. From Eindhoven to Dresden and Leuven to Milan, Chips Act 2.0 increasingly reveals the importance of continental coordination.
Europe may not control the entire semiconductor chain, but it increasingly controls several of its most critical layers. This Perspective explores how European ecosystems in lithography, photonics, industrial AI and advanced manufacturing together form a strategically indispensable technology stack.
As Europe prepares for Chips Act 2.0, the semiconductor debate is shifting beyond factories and subsidies toward infrastructure, ecosystems and technological indispensability. This Perspective series explores how Europe is repositioning itself through strategic specialization, industrial depth and interconnected innovation networks.
Europe’s upcoming Chips Act 2.0 signals a major strategic shift in Brussels. Instead of chasing unrealistic semiconductor self-sufficiency, the European Union increasingly aims to become technologically indispensable through photonics, industrial AI, advanced equipment and critical infrastructure technologies.
