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Artificial intelligence debates in Europe often revolve around regulation, sovereignty and the dominance of American platforms. Less visible, but no less consequential, is the role played by non-European industrial powers whose technologies are deeply embedded in Europe’s digital and economic fabric. Samsung is one of them.
As much of today’s technology and economic news is framed through an American lens, Europe often appears hesitant, fragmented or slow. The loudest narratives come from across the Atlantic, while China remains largely silent. In that contrast, Europe tends to underestimate its own strengths — institutionally, economically and technologically.
When the European Union began drafting the AI Act, Spain was already ahead of the curve. Today, it is not an exaggeration to say that Spain is one of the founding architects of Europe’s AI regulation. While other countries are still debating the balance between innovation and safety, Spain has taken concrete steps: establishing a national AI agency, investing in world-class infrastructure and even building AI systems that reflect its own languages and culture. In a continent searching for technological sovereignty, Spain is quietly becoming a model for how to do it right.
Photonics is not a buzzword. It is the technology that carries the internet across oceans, enables chips to be etched at atomic scale and forms the foundation of future quantum systems. From fibre-optic communications to advanced manufacturing, photonics has become a critical enabler of modern societies. By 2030, the global photonics market is expected to exceed one trillion dollars. Yet at the heart of this rapidly expanding field lies a strategic chokepoint: extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography.
Salesforce’s introduction of Agentforce 360 marks a new phase in the evolution of artificial intelligence inside organisations. Rather than positioning AI as a standalone automation layer, the concept of the “Agentic Enterprise” frames AI agents as collaborators: systems designed to support employees in decision-making, coordination and execution. While this approach is technologically ambitious, its European rollout reveals challenges that go far beyond software adoption.
For decades, ICT distributors played a largely technical and operational role in Europe’s digital economy. They moved hardware and software efficiently through the market, provided credit and logistics and remained mostly invisible to end users. Their importance was measured in scale and reliability, not strategy. That role is now fundamentally changing.
When Peter Wennink stepped down as CEO of ASML in April 2024, he left behind a legacy that transcended the semiconductor industry. Under his stewardship, ASML not only became Europe’s most valuable technology company but also a pivotal player in the geopolitical tug-of-war between the United States and China.
Europe has long invested in systems like DigiD in the Netherlands to help citizens prove who they are online. Yet recent developments show how fragile this trust can be when identity and authentication systems are managed from outside Europe. Now, a French initiative called Authentica offers a new approach — a technology designed to verify the origin of digital creations, from music and images to text, while keeping control firmly in European hands.
As the holiday lights twinkle and shoppers scramble for the perfect present, the AI world is buzzing with its own festive surprises. What started as Sam Altman’s cryptic tease of “a few little Christmas presents” from OpenAI has snowballed into a global gift exchange among tech titans. From Microsoft’s Copilot upgrades to Europe’s open-source pushes and China’s subtle sovereignty plays, December 2025 feels like the season of strategic reveals. But in a year defined by rapid AI adoption, these “gifts” aren’t just shiny toys—they’re blueprints for the power struggles ahead.
The global race for artificial intelligence (AI) has often been framed as a competition between the United States and China. But quietly, Europe is staking its own claim. The continent does not want to rely on foreign AI systems, whose code and decision-making remain opaque. Europe’s goal is clear: AI that is powerful, transparent and built to European standards.
