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Europe’s photonics sector is approaching its industrial test. As Eindhoven expands wafer capacity and SMART Photonics partners with GlobalFoundries, the challenge shifts from proving chips can work to deciding who controls production, integration and value at scale.
As artificial intelligence moves beyond centralised data centres, networks become part of the computing architecture itself. Nokia’s transformation reveals how Europe’s strengths in optical networking, telecommunications and edge infrastructure could connect intelligence to the physical economy.
